The Rights Of Animal Testing - 2041 Words

A long time of debates go back and forth on the rights of all animals with further argument or debates, do humans have the right to use animals on medical testing and lab use? There are several issues that can be placed in this argument this research will acknowledge four important topics in the rights of animal testing. Is it right to use animals for testing? Is it right to compare animal DNA to human DNA in these animal experiments? Is it right to use real animals instead of computers to generate results? Is it right to state animals are being protected and cared for while giving toxins to make them sick? Therefore, the question needs to be asked if animals should be used for scientific experiments in labs all across the globe. The on going attacks on the lab staff’s morals, attacked on facilities and the lack of support from the public have made medical testing on animals a significant dilemma among the public. The two organizations that are in the middle of this ar gument are the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and Americans for Medical Progress (AMP). AMP defends that animals are biologically similar to humans and are susceptible to over 200 diseases and play a vital role in advances in medical care and treatments. Many of these successes have created treatments, cures and vaccines that have increased health care resources for both human and animals a like. The problem with this success comes the concern on whether or not it isShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing : Is It Right?912 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing: is it Right? Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, or animal research, is the use of non-human animals in experiments. While most people think animal testing is necessary, others are upset by what they see as needless suffering. Experimentation on animals help scientists increase knowledge about the way the human body works. Animal research can also expand the knowledge of biological, medical, psychological studies, and has led to vaccines against smallpox, measlesRead MoreAnimal Rights And Animal Testing And Abuse2163 Words   |  9 PagesResearch Paper: What are animal rights according to animal testing and abuse? For as long as people and animals have been around there has been question to what their rights are; the main ones being how they should be treated, and if they can feel pain like humans. People all around the world eat meat on the daily like it is no big deal but what they do not know is how a lot of the animals are treated while being raised. Chickens, cows, and pigs are a major part of this; people raise them on farmsRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Right Or Wrong1978 Words   |  8 Pageswho is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men. We can judge the heart of a man by his treatment of animals.† This paper will be covering the moral issue on animal testing and whether animal testing is right or wrong. I will be applying the theories of Deontological, Utilitarianism and Virtue Ethics viewpoints on animal testing and then see which moral issue is better. Animal testing is a very relevant and debatable moral issue. It is when scientists take animals and run differentRead MoreIs Animal Testing Wrong or Right? Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesall animal testing that is effective on animals are ineffective on humans (ASPCA). Despite this alarming statistic, scientists still use animals in these experiments. Scientist give the animals no choice in whether they or going to be used in an experiment. Animal testing is when scientist use products, vaccinations or other things they develop for humans and use on animals. Scientist use all types of animals, but the most common are rats, mice, birds, reptiles and amphibians (ASPCA). Animal testingRead MoreThe Rights Activists On The Thoughts Of Animal Testing1454 Words   |  6 PagesAsking just about any animal rights activists on the thoughts of animal testing, it is reasonable to expect that the majority of them would address crucial flaws in many of the laws in regards to animals and how anim als are supposedly â€Å"protected† by these laws. Trained scientists and researchers take on the key role of testing on animals in laboratories and facilities throughout the world, using the excuse that we are expanding knowledge and furthering medical research. In the United States aloneRead MoreAnimal Testing Harms And Violates The Rights Of The Animal Itself1485 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal testing harms and violates the rights of the animal itself. Some people say it is okay because the animal does not know the difference between right from wrong. Animal testing creates a traumatizing experience for the animal. Their bodies become damaged from all the burning and allergic reactions they have to undergo from the chemicals. The animals do not know what is going on, nor do they know where they are because they have been taken out of their natural habitats. The change in environmentRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Morally The Right Thing2068 Words   |  9 Pagesof animals across the globe are being used in labs as a way to experiment and test things such as cosmetics and drugs while also being used for biology lessons, medical training and sometimes just curiosity-driven experimentations. Many would say these test are infringing on the â€Å"animal s right†.we will look at immanuel kant with his theory of the categorical imperative and other philosophers such as aristotle and will demonstrate how they have had a large impact on how we see these animals rightsRead MoreAnimal Testing: the Animal Rights Debate. New York: the Rosen Publishing1992 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Review: Annotations Books: Hayhurst, Chris. Animal Testing: The Animal Rights Debate. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 2000. Print. Summary/Description: This book discusses the pros and cons of animal testing. It gives a brief history of the animal right movement, and It also address the legal and ethical issues involved around this cruel testing. The Animal Act was rejected by Congress in the United States and animal testing became a part of scientific and medical life. Evaluation/Assessment:Read More Animal Testing Needs To Stop Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesshould stop animal testing. By animal testing, the companies not only violate the animals rights (which is breaking the law), but their testing methods are hazardous which endanger the animals life. Finally, the companies should stop animal testing because each year we lose hundreds of thousands of animals and could make a difference by stopping this cruelty. Stop the animal testing, and save a life. To start with, cosmetic and drug companies should stop animal testing their productsRead MoreSave Animals. Say No to Animal Testing!1390 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative essay: Save animals. Say no to animal testing! Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that many companies test their products like cosmetics and medicines with animals before production to check their products ’safety and quality. A huge amount of animals are used in research purpose every year. Is it right for human beings to sacrifice millions of animals for testing purpose? Should animal testing be banned? Animal testing is a controversial issue and there is a heated debated about pros

The Conflict Between Nature Versus Human Institution

Antigone by Sophocles is a play that has lasted through the ages because of its underlying meaning that can still be applied today in conflicts such as parents who choose to not vaccinate their children. It is a conflict between nature versus human institution. Throughout this play one notices there is no clear hero. The basic conflict in Antigone came about by a disagreement between two brothers in a royal family in Thebes, Eteocles and Polynices, Eteocles being the older brother. Antigone and Ismene are the sisters of Eteocles and Polynices and are the bigger characters of the play with Antigone being the tragic heroine. Eteocles and Polynices decide to switch off yearly on the throne after their father, Oedipus, dies starting with Eteocles, but when Eteocles refused to give up the throne for Polynices, Polynices leaves Thebes and goes to Polis. In Polis, he marries into the royal family. One day he asks his father-in-law, the king of Polis, to borrow the Polis army in order to tak e back the Thebes throne. When the army arrives in Thebes Polynices and Eteocles meet on the battlefield and die at each other’s hand. After that their uncle Creon takes the throne. Creon allows Eteocles to have a royal burial, but forbids any burial for Polynices and if anyone dares to they will be executed. This was a very harsh punishment in the time because of the belief that if a person’s body wasn’t buried their soul could not enter the next stage. Antigone decides it is her responsibilityShow MoreRelatedIntroduction . A Mass Media Effect, As Defined By W.J.1611 Words   |  7 Pagesmany green aesops which suggest otherwise, the conflict between the preservation of nature and the progression of civilization cannot be reduced to a simple good versus evil narrative. This historical fantasy anime influences social entities, both formal and informal, by allowing spectators to obtain an objective perspective of both sides of the conflict. On the surface, this is an anti-industrialist plot with a clear environmental moral; the humans are bad because they are stripping the land forRead MoreReasons For Political Violence Occurs1592 Words   |  7 Pagesvariance of political violence and shared characteristics across human nature. Primordialism is also known as the ancient hatred argument and is concerned with blood relations between groups of people (Clay Fuller 2016d). This explanation is often used to explain ethnic conflicts in which there is animosity between two or more groups because of their biological makeup. This could potentially be used to help explain why the conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutu occurred in Rwanda during the genocideRead MoreLev Vygotsky And The Sociocultural Theory Of Development1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate has been argued since the beginning of the discovery of biology and human evolution. And to this day continues to be a controversy that continues to be highly debated by psychologists and biologists. A fundamental individual is Lev Vygotsky who developed and introduced the Sociocultural Theory of development that was heavily dependent on the influence of environmental factors—such as social groups, culture and institutions—on t he cognitive development of childrenRead MoreInfluences of the Rationalist, Structuralist and Culturalist Theoretical Approaches on Comparative Politics1618 Words   |  7 Pagessystems. It involves the classification and comparison of institutions - ‘a rule that has been institutionalised’ (Lane and Ersson, 1999: 23) - in order to determine the nature of political regimes. The study of comparative politics has come to be guided by three major research schools: rational choice theory, culturalist analysis and structuralist approaches; each of which spearhead a distinctive notion over what about institutions affects the nature of the political process. Rationalists are methodologicalRead MoreWater- Problems1428 Words   |  6 PagesAction is needed to improve water resources planning, evaluate availability and needs within watersheds, reallocate or expand existing storage facilities where necessary, emphasize the importance of managing water demand, develop a better ba lance between equity and efficiency in water use, and overcome inadequate legislative and institutional frameworks and the rising financial burdens of ageing infrastructure. 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Act I, scene i, is worthy of our attention as a valid representation of the major issues within the play, an impetus for the plays ensuing conflict and a display of the nature of the characters. The scene opens with Gloucester and Kent discussingRead MoreMarxist Perspective On Religion And Liberation Theology1199 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Marx’s conflict theory, which examined the interaction between economic systems and power structures such as religious institutions, the power relations of the economy were reinforced by â€Å"traditional religious icons or the modern icons of mass consumerism† (Callaghan 199). His belief that religious icons and icons of mass consumerism are reinforcing oppressive structures could be viewed as a type of â€Å"methodological atheism†, for Marx fails to acknowledge the significance of transcendenceRead More Marxist Theory and Sport Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesin sport, distribution of power in sport and commercialization of sport. Basics of Marxist Theory The most widely used political and ideological system of thought is that of Karl Marx. Marxism is a set of ideas trying to provide an explanation for human society. Although a little over a hundred years old his theories and thoughts have led to coups, revolutions and new waves theories and academics. As well, it is this systemic theory that has led many academics to look at the way they teach, discussRead MoreUnderstanding International Relations Through Level of Analysis835 Words   |  4 Pagesexamines human actors on the global stage. It focuses on the human nature, which defines the primary human characteristics that influence decisions; organizational behaviour that describes human interaction within organized settings, e.g. decision-making group; and personal behaviour that investigates the effect of the uniqueness of individual decision makers on foreign policy (Rourke, 2007, p. 65). The System-level of analysis shows that the Iraq Crisis (2003–present) is not a domestic conflict as it

Similarities In Cognitive Development Education Essay Free Essays

Cognitive development is defined as the countries of neuroscience and psychological science surveies, concentrating on stripling development with particular concentrating on information processing, linguistic communication acquisition, conceptual resources, perceptual accomplishment, and encephalon development. Jean Piaget and Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky were two innovators in the field of cognitive development. With this essay I will compare and contrast each theoretician ‘s positions on the nature or development of intelligence. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities In Cognitive Development Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now I shall besides compare their positions on the phases of development from birth through adolescence. And eventually I will integrate possible schoolroom applications of each theoretician ‘s positions. Piaget believed that all kids are born with a inclination to interact with and do sense of their environment and that they need small instructor intercession. He referred to the basic ways of forming and treating information as cognitive constructions. He defined the mental forms that guide behavior as strategies, and he theorized that we use strategies to happen out approximately and interact with the universe around us. Piaget ‘s theory consisted of stairss in the development of new strategies of cognitive development referred to as version of seting strategies in response to a new object being introduced in our environment. The first measure in version if called assimilation, or seeking to understand the new object or event in our environment from known strategy, and if the new object does non suit into an bing strategy, the person will travel into adjustment where they modify an bing strategy to suit the new state of affairs. Finally the individual will make an apprehension of the new object, this procedure of reconstructing a balance between current strategies and the integrating of the new strategies is known as equilibration. Piaget theory of rational development is a constructivism position, where persons build systems of understanding through their experiences and interaction with in their environment, proposing that development came before acquisition, that specific cognitive constructions need to be developed before certain types of acquisition can take topographic point. Like Piaget, Lev Vygotsky believed that cognitive development takes topographic point in stairss that are the same for all persons. Vygotsky theorized the first measure in rational development is larning that action and sounds have intending. Second, that measure in cognitive development was practising the new action or sound. And eventually, utilizing the actions and sounds to believe and work out jobs without the aid of others, referred to by Vygotsky as self-regulation. Differences in Cognitive Development While Piaget believed that rational development was extremely personal, and that persons learned from experiences instead than the instruction of constructs and idea procedures, Vygotsky believed that larning development was a societal procedure straight linked to the instruction of information, and that larning proceeded development. Vygotsky theorized that linguistic communication was the key to cognitive development, and acquisition was influenced by the civilization of the person. He believed that a kid foremost incorporated the address on others into their personal cognition and patterns it, known as private address, and subsequently they used this â€Å" private address † in attempts to work out undertakings. Vygotsky redefined this theory into what we now know as The Zone of Proximal Development. ( ZDP ) defines rational development as the ability to utilize thought to command our ain actions, but first we must get the hang cultural communicating systems, and so utilize these to systems to modulate our idea processes. Children larning with in the ( ZPD ) work on undertakings that they could non finish entirely, but were able to complete with the aid of and competent teacher. These docile minutes demonstrate Vygotsky theory that larning proceeded development, and that concerted acquisition promotes advance larning. His theory defined linguistic communication as a manner to go through on cultural values and that learning linguistic communication was the medium needed to develop cognitive idea procedures. Similarities of the Stages of Development Both Piaget and Vygotsky were stage theoretician, intending they both believe that development takes topographic point in discernible phases. Piaget ‘s theory was that development took topographic point in four phases. -The first phase for Piaget ‘s theory was the sensorimotor phase ( from birth – age 2 ) where the kid explores the universe utilizing their 5 senses and motor accomplishments. Children are born with what is described as automatic motor accomplishments, suction, appreciation, ECT. During early development, the kid uses these accomplishments to pull strings the universe and develops strategies from these experiences in a patterned advance toward purposive behaviour approaching the terminal of this phase of development. -Piaget ‘s 2nd phase is Preoperational phase ( 2yrs-7yrs ) He believed that kids in this phase of development would n’t hold mastered the ability of more complex mental operations ; kids do non hold the ability to ground through their actions. They are considered egoistic, and presume others agree with their points of position. During this phase kids lack preservation accomplishments ; they do non understand that the sum of something remains the same when the visual aspect has been rearranged. And they have non developed reversible thought or taking a job back to its get downing point. -Developmental phase three is the Concrete Operational Stage ( 7-11 ) In this phase the kid is get downing to accomplish comprehension of abstract constructs. The kid is get downing to understand preservation, position and contrary thought. The kid is capable of systematic ordination and able to group objects consequently. The kid is get downing to multitask in their idea procedures. -And Finally, The Formal Operational phase Age ( 11 to early-adult ) By this phase the individual has accomplished abstract think procedures. They have developed conjectural and deductive logical thinking. They have the ability to conceive of state of affairss and ground best solution rules. They are now capable of meta-cognition or able to believe about thought. Vygotsky ‘s phase theory of development was known as Scaffolding. In Scaffolding, First a wise man starts with supplying the kid with a high degree of support, such as one-on-one direction, leting the kid clip to develop an apprehension of the constructs being presented. Next the wise man starts to scale back the support leting the kid to take on more of the duty of the undertaking. And eventually, when the kid understands the aim of the undertaking the wise man stairss aside leting the kid to execute the undertaking on their ain, showing the comprehension of the cognition set gained. Differences in Stages of Development Piaget ‘s theory of the phases of development, focal point on development is necessary before larning can take topographic point, and that interaction with one ‘s environment is more of import to development than mentored direction. This position is really age oriented and ridged in its lineation and expatiations of kid development. Where Vygotsky views acquisition as the processor to development. That linguistic communication, civilization and mentoring are all of import facets of the acquisition procedure that will assist the single develop successfully. Similarities in Classroom Application Piaget ‘s and Vygotsky theories have similar applications for the schoolroom scene ; first Piaget wants the teacher must concentrate on the procedure of kid believing seeking to understand how the kid can up with the reply, and non merely the merchandise or solution to the job, deemphasize patterns aimed at doing kids make grownup like determinations, and have the teacher acknowledge the differences in single developmental advancement. Vygotsky ‘s theory in a similar manner, topographic points accent on the kid ‘s thought procedure, with the teacher understanding the kids ‘s single developmental advancement. As a instructor I can utilize these theories to develop category room techniques that focus on the pupils as persons, and I ‘ll seek to understand their degree of development so that I do non coerce the pupil to run into criterions that are non sensible given their province of apprehension and cognitive development. Differences In schoolroom Application Piaget ‘s theory wants the teacher to promote the pupil ‘s into self-initiation and active acquisition activities which take the accent away structured cognition and encourages the pupil to research and construct on current degrees on cognitive cognition. This differs from Vygotsky theory, which advises the instructor to supply planned activities, and promote pupils to take part in planned group activities, which encourage them to larn in construction environments which encourage high degrees of mentored direction. With an option of the two theories, I think I ‘ll lodge to a more Vygotsky signifier of lesson planning. I believe that pupils can make good with manus on actives, yet I believe that if the Instructor does non supply the pupil with construction the pupils do non develop at a rate that allow them to command themselves in a schoolroom scene, and that construction gives the pupil counsel and sets outlooks for the pupils, that give the pupils ends to endeavor for. How to cite Similarities In Cognitive Development Education Essay, Essay examples

Structuring and Segmentation Supply Base for Fairprice Company

Question: Discuss about theStructuring and Segmentation Supply Base for Fairprice Company. Answer Introduction Fairprice is arguably the largest supermarket chain in Singapore being a cooperative of National Trades Union Congress. With approximately 100 supermarkets across the island and 50 outlet stores in the company supply chain, Fairprice boosts as the first successful organization in the country to start and develop a fresh food distribution center. Its operations are supported by a central distribution system that achieves efficiencies through the distribution and supply chain channels (Selldin, E., Olhager, 2007). Fairprice Company has aligned its operations with suppliers which significantly contribute to the reduction of production cost, improve quality of the products offered, and speed daily operations. The organization procurement framework has facilitated it to simplify its operations and finally deliver greater value to the final consumers (Ritchie Brindley, 2007). This paper examines a detailed analysis of the acquisition framework that Fairprice utilizes in its different cat egories of products to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Segmentation Strategies The giant supermarket chain ensures that it brings on board suppliers who can provide the outsourced services at the appropriate cost, timely deliveries, and high quality products. Further, it partakes to carry a precise analysis to know the number of suppliers that can optimally serve its needs (Ritchie Brindley, 2007). The main source of value results from the economies of scale the company enjoys. Segmentation is a highly vital concept to Fairprice since it enhances its efficiency and flexibility with its various suppliers (Tummala Schoenherr, 2011). The organization uses the following strategies to segment its supply base. Product based segmentation Fairprice applies this method in technological applications with many potential variants. It usually focuses on the volume mix, life cycle variability and the pricing of inputs from suppliers (Selldin Olhager, 2007). The approach utilizes the ability of the clients willing to make an extra payment to acquire innovative products it offers. Supply chain based risk The approach is aimed at enabling the company to examine the potential risks that it may face in the supply chain and propose ways to reduce the impact of the risks if they occur. The method necessitates Fairprice to have a fallback plan in case of unexpected occurrences in the location of the major suppliers of its crucial material inputs, for instances in case of floods and earthquakes, mitigation approaches will ensure the supply chain is not interrupted (Ritchie, B., Brindley, 2007). The company firstly identifies the needs of its end users and puts them into groups by a similarity of needs. Next, the entity develops supply chains that fit the various client needs. The company is in charge of product ideation, designing of the various products development and creation of new products (Rao Goldsby, 2009). Most of its activities are guided by the current consumer needs. PC Magazine. Fundamentally, the organization remains sensitive to the needs and preferences of its customers so that its rivals do not gain mileage from its weakness in customer responsiveness. This is possible through continuous research and development to be the leader in inventing the latest products and services that anticipate the needs of the market. Manufacturing and technology-based approach. Fairprice utilizes this method in structuring the framework of a supplier from the production point of view. This strategy is helpful in attaining synergies from multi-divisions of the organization's supply chain operations through the technology platform which enables efficiency and real-time performance (Narasimhan, Kim, Tan, 2008). The company has also invested in the mobile technology to run various applications and multi-tasking of services efficiently. Market-driven segmentation approach The framework relies majorly on the geographical and political nature of the existing market set-up. Different market channels have different features (Rao Goldsby, 2009). The approach employed by Fairprice is determined by the market nature, consumer requirements, and demand patterns. All this is aimed at reduction of production cost through supplier lag and lead to an increase in profit (Tummala Schoenherr, 2011). Additionally, there are peculiarities experienced in the channels of distribution destined to these markets, example road conditions and topography of the markets which informs the organization on the appropriate logistical measures to employ. Purchasing Strategies Used Purchasing Strategies at Fairprice applies to arrive at cost-effective purchasing decisions are as discussed below. The company applies this strategy to ensure it brings on efficient board vendors who will provide quality goods at an appropriate time under the spelled out supply agreement. Supplier Optimization NTUC Fairprice ensures it procures from a mix of vendors who can provide their supplies at the best prices and terms agreed. Here, it does away with all those suppliers who do not meet the price and quality requirements (Narasimhan et al., 2008). This approach will go a long way to sustain the position of the firm of being the market leader in providing quality fresh food supplies in the market. Total Quality Management (TQM) The approach requires the various vendors feeding NTUC Fairprice with the various inputs to ensure they are of high quality and have Zero errors (Manuj Mentzer, 2008). This method emphasizes on the continuous improvement of the quality of inputs for the same to be achieved with the outputs. Hence suppliers that do not meet the zero error requirements are phased out. Risk Management NTUC Fairprice obtains materials from various subsidiaries based in different continents. This is done to benefit from the reduced production cost in these countries especially in China and India (Wagner Bode, 2008). The company although should be on the lookout and develop mitigation measures incase these regions are hit with natural calamities as they will paralyze operations (Lo Power, 2010). The method calls for diversification of supply chain to cushion losses from such shortcomings. Global Sourcing NTUC Fairprice sources from different supplies across the world irrespective of the country of origin (Manuj Mentzer, 2008). The sole requirement to make it as one of their vendors is the provision of quality products at the required time. Vendor development approach It is where NTUC Fairprice partners with the vendor to improve the quality of the design and meet the requirements of the final consumer (Wagner Bode, 2008). The giant retailer engages in this approach in instances where it needs to get customer tailored fulfillment developed by different suppliers. The advantages NTUC Fairprice has gained form segmentation supply base strategys The strategy breakdown complex global supply chain goals and objectives to clear roadmap defined by performance metrics. The approach generates sufficient information to aid in decision-making process in the organization. Supply base segmentation increases the team flexibility. Proper segmentation aligns supply chain resources with specific needs. Conclusion Supply chain structure and segmentation are vital in organizations as it plays a critical role in ensuring companies achieve supplier flexibility in their operations. With an appropriate segmentation structure, Fairprice boosts of extensive information regarding the costs of various inputs, the time the deliveries are to be developed as well as exposing the risks of the company. This process is vital as it will enable the company to develop mitigation procedures to the risks. All this will go a long way in ensuring the client needs are met and continuous profit of the enterprise. The purchasing strategies employed by the organization enables the company carries out continuous production through using error-free inputs supplied at the required time. Finally, possessing an effective procurement strategies mix will allow the company makes best decisions regarding suppliers to use in supply chain process. References Lo, S.M., Power, D., (2010). An empirical investigation of the relationship between product nature and supply chain strategy. Supply Chain Management: an International Journal, 15(3), pp. 87-97 Manuj, I., Mentzer, J. T. (2008). Global supply chain risk management strategies.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,38(3), pp. 192-223. Manuj, I., Mentzer, J. T. (2008). Global supply chain risk management.Journal of business logistics,29(1), pp. 133-155. Narasimhan, R., Kim, S. W., Tan, K. C., (2008). An empirical investigation of supply chain strategy typologies and relationships to performance. International Journal of Production Research, 46 (18), pp. pp. 5231-5259 Rao, S., Goldsby, T. J. (2009). Supply chain risks: a review and typology.The International Journal of Logistics Management,20(1), pp. 97-123. Ritchie, B., Brindley, C. (2007). Supply chain risk management and performance: A guiding framework for future development.International Journal of Operations Production Management,27(3), pp. 303-322. Ritchie, B., Brindley, C. (2007). Supply chain risk management and performance: A guiding framework for future development.International Journal of Operations Production Management,27(3), pp. 303-322. Selldin, E., Olhager, J., (2007). Linking products with supply chains: testing Fishers model. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. 12 (1), pp. 4251 Tummala, R., Schoenherr, T. (2011). Assessing and managing risks using the supply chain risk management process (SCRMP).Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,16(6), pp. 474-483. Wagner, S. M., Bode, C. (2008). An empirical examination of supply chain performance alongseveral dimensions of risk.Journal of business logistics,29(1), pp. 307-325.